Sharks and rays are among the most threatened vertebrates on the planet, facing intense pressure from overfishing, habitat loss and degradation, and inadequate protection across critical sites for life-history processes and their migratory ranges. Many migratory species of sharks and rays are now listed under the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) and its daughter agreement, the Memorandum of Understanding on the Conservation of Migratory Sharks (Sharks MOU), reflecting the urgent need for collaborative international and regional conservation action.
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